{"id":"W4417250984","doi":"10.1109/models-c68889.2025.00119","title":"Evolution at the Core of Digital Twin Engineering","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"DevOps; Core (optical fiber); Process (computing); Action (physics); Software development; Key (lock)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008453985,0.0003242086,0.000348964,0.001597721,0.002690917,0.008787598,0.001398303,0.001860096,0.004485633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02121646,0.0004697261,0.0004714758,0.001187158,0.009153079,0.01642208,0.01068364,0.004008322,0.0008788573],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004002348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005829422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001698338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001386931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9933891,0.002747551,0.0004631358,0.0006676193,0.002147398,0.0005850948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9869872,0.004132479,0.000843018,0.004259768,0.002528469,0.001248962],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000268874,0.00004532438,0.002491483,0.0000828945,0.000008978829,0.0003091015,0.00470545,0.001865645,0.001888508,0.9155011,0.001744676,0.07133012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001964184,0.0001210374,0.00250629,0.0002991493,0.00002516293,0.00127141,0.008311204,0.01338618,0.006699444,0.7284534,0.2388489,0.00005816383],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1439423,0.00179735,0.6349912,0.01886646,0.0006818977,0.00029404,0.000105091,0.0007672457,0.1985545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8017806,0.001458447,0.1740952,0.001561958,0.0001322651,0.0001530342,0.000148749,0.0004328815,0.0202369],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008787598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04470944,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01097457371278248,"score_gpt":0.2028169990880223,"score_spread":0.1918424253752398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}