{"id":"W4417258811","doi":"10.1017/9781108672146.004","title":"Applied Linguistics Research: Its Nature, Significance, and Scope","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Applied linguistics; Process (computing); Key (lock); Term (time); Applied research; Research methodology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0150298,0.0009341973,0.001755864,0.003163455,0.002908401,0.01764087,0.001998244,0.002796539,0.007621992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02511859,0.0009869486,0.0004665651,0.006617063,0.01273648,0.009542592,0.004191936,0.008310259,0.00605316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002728251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01101722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002003678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002522206,"domain_scores_codex":[0.986565,0.007819396,0.000728082,0.0009375565,0.003659064,0.0002909109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9527971,0.03902754,0.001030163,0.002466723,0.00361876,0.001059731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002071125,0.00006010094,0.0006022461,0.002623761,0.00002774486,0.0002885913,0.01304741,0.0005681813,0.0007725269,0.4241179,0.2376273,0.3202435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000587444,0.00003148098,0.0004890416,0.003204972,0.000008937637,0.0004621962,0.002434209,0.0004373026,0.0001676495,0.1326867,0.8600447,0.00002692611],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.003691106,0.3445983,0.1776366,0.151445,0.0232247,0.001181239,0.0006718247,0.001262926,0.2962883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06428249,0.4362228,0.2705427,0.03817616,0.02791506,0.004248597,0.00107229,0.002692056,0.1548478],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01764087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07948613,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07692084567702193,"score_gpt":0.271476253618112,"score_spread":0.19455540794109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}