{"id":"W4417267392","doi":"10.1103/y4y1-1ll6","title":"Encrypted Qubits Can Be Cloned","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"Dieter Schwarz Stiftung; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Research Council Canada; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada; Australian Research Council; Ministry of Colleges and Universities","keywords":"Encryption; Cloning (programming); Qubit; clone (Java method); Unitary state; Quantum cloning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005945621,0.000304823,0.0004108511,0.0003348125,0.0008185215,0.001863718,0.000726429,0.0007508937,0.005483693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003555735,0.0003055446,0.0004786715,0.0004751454,0.001662638,0.00436097,0.001895979,0.001007821,0.001291301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007714177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000492025,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003239074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002653823,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991598,0.0001382106,0.00006508132,0.0001274939,0.0003512738,0.0001581515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982199,0.0005219375,0.0002200118,0.0007277234,0.0002385801,0.00007180053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001158689,0.00004269922,0.0004446222,0.0001042591,0.00001919121,0.000415545,0.0003229425,0.004881493,0.02787996,0.952423,0.001461174,0.01188924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009851308,0.0002705222,0.0005812153,0.0001318223,0.00008953582,0.001758463,0.0003327865,0.1140612,0.2693924,0.5389091,0.0742985,0.00007586105],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4020679,0.002007673,0.4679852,0.002384292,0.001055959,0.0002356796,0.0003917113,0.000573094,0.1232986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9314084,0.001021371,0.04385081,0.0004877331,0.00008128335,0.000118768,0.0001786639,0.000143125,0.02270978],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005483693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01834476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0129803248215576,"score_gpt":0.282253240222498,"score_spread":0.2692729154009404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}