{"id":"W4417268244","doi":"10.1103/6c61-fm1n","title":"Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; Polytechnique Montréal; University of Manitoba; University of British Columbia","funders":"NextGenerationEU; National Research, Development and Innovation Office; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo; Great Southern Development Commission, Government of Western Australia; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Science and Engineering Research Board; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Australian Research Council; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal; National Research Foundation; Vlaamse regering; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Ministry of Education, India; Conseil Régional, Île-de-France; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; Division of Human Resource Development; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; National Science and Technology Council; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee; Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej; U.S. Department of Energy; Kavli Foundation; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; European Regional Development Fund; ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Israel Science Foundation; Generalitat Valenciana; Generalitat de Catalunya; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Research Corporation for Science Advancement; Russian Science Foundation; Scottish Funding Council; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; National Science Foundation; European Social Fund; Royal Society; Institut des Origines de Lyon; Centres de Recerca de Catalunya; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation; Academia Sinica; Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Tests of general relativity; Gravitational wave; Black hole (networking); General relativity; Overtone; Binary number; Quasinormal mode; Binary black hole; Theory of relativity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001201904,0.0004095626,0.000275864,0.001170725,0.0004377886,0.0006071276,0.0005070516,0.0003844181,0.0008335889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003214759,0.0001900342,0.0003413079,0.0005801782,0.0005239192,0.0003645852,0.001103567,0.0003751327,0.0001630856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003109542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001751971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004045116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006435306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994358,0.000143452,0.00003077526,0.0001380529,0.0001484705,0.0001035006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981217,0.0005261652,0.0005182707,0.0004595442,0.0001167612,0.0002576135],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007434601,0.0002493464,0.9201523,0.00004769009,0.0002306,0.000590135,0.0005212271,0.005951511,0.0485434,0.003186374,0.0007620516,0.01902195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003077324,0.000245125,0.9824608,0.00001170533,0.00004395927,0.0001819757,0.00009872629,0.01026983,0.005261746,0.0005559225,0.0008194057,0.00002002006],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998399,0.00002260675,0.000508827,0.0000189912,0.000002776278,0.000006437156,0.0000834214,0.00003201468,0.0009259402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990701,0.000007865431,0.0004712378,0.00001050222,0.000003929107,0.00000400203,0.0003015581,0.000007524618,0.0001232461],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004045116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00804317,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01098644430337884,"score_gpt":0.3534997041074992,"score_spread":0.3425132598041203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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