{"id":"W4417282343","doi":"10.1109/iai68403.2025.11276985","title":"An Improved Backstepping Control Method for Trajectory Tracking of Autonomous Vehicles","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Backstepping; Control theory (sociology); Trajectory; Stability (learning theory); Controller (irrigation); Tracking (education); Variable (mathematics); Simple (philosophy)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001619053,0.000526668,0.001304998,0.0003559134,0.0001824635,0.0001916603,0.0005467964,0.0004479282,0.00004542378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007553487,0.0005680115,0.0005580597,0.0003395457,0.00005314522,0.0003230204,0.00002738107,0.0003180945,0.000001953209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002449916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000257897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005276087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002541179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966342,0.0002190958,0.00152672,0.0006520366,0.000171071,0.0007968297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976919,0.0008035582,0.0002774707,0.0007134785,0.0003390037,0.0001746318],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002189144,0.0001615491,0.0003063982,0.001456848,0.001065676,0.000001488015,0.0004250837,0.112952,0.5794718,0.01281728,0.00002894017,0.291094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005621165,0.000331722,0.00144656,0.0002887441,0.0004315711,0.000002635354,0.0008034522,0.9826167,0.006743348,0.0003646568,0.0008434171,0.0005060736],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03075917,0.002384519,0.9590687,0.000176104,0.001421466,0.002102516,0.000162256,0.0002536054,0.003671728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9777578,0.00002606491,0.0208242,0.0001579412,0.0002312732,0.0002090289,0.00001035827,0.0000950495,0.0006882787],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9469987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996771,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007378673545855793,"score_gpt":0.260151584544942,"score_spread":0.2527729109990862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}