{"id":"W4417338672","doi":"10.1109/ciccs66437.2025.11280062","title":"Machine Learning–Based Smart Road Surface Anomaly Detection","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Horizon College and Seminary; Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Pothole (geology); SAFER; Scalability; Anomaly detection; Hazard; Key (lock); Road surface","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002826774,0.0005555962,0.0006573259,0.001335946,0.0002364672,0.0006462898,0.001163683,0.0005711191,0.001494409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009713544,0.0002605879,0.0004730806,0.0008124351,0.0002662267,0.001163293,0.0006262974,0.0006559169,0.0009960196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005757759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004028006,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004466617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00648268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996221,0.00002753659,0.00001481579,0.0001406902,0.0001281291,0.00006680072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996044,0.00007007893,0.00005947113,0.00007126531,0.0001664763,0.00002839627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002531271,0.0005297983,0.01565645,0.0001396965,0.0001442425,0.0002508964,0.00008947094,0.1718121,0.03925402,0.002223655,0.01158399,0.7580625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006306981,0.00003423434,0.002907924,0.000004554677,0.00001005021,0.0000523511,0.00001754944,0.9886275,0.00600934,0.001148936,0.001170926,0.00001034976],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1765792,0.0004758802,0.7994367,0.0004357104,0.0002595822,0.0001293403,0.000964443,0.01430892,0.007410183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9001091,0.0001812899,0.09499043,0.0001482486,0.00006870621,0.00005630343,0.001176804,0.0001222514,0.00314692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004466617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008881271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003832881883868752,"score_gpt":0.202378545730149,"score_spread":0.1985456638462803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}