{"id":"W4417359951","doi":"10.1108/ijmf-05-2024-0293","title":"The information advantage of forthcoming patents on debt financing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Managerial Finance","topic":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Credit rating; Debt; Ex-ante; Notice; Bond; Allowance (engineering); Private information retrieval; Information asymmetry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002135593,0.000134443,0.0003512857,0.000982854,0.0003650766,0.002004739,0.0003589886,0.0007022755,0.008682432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03057713,0.0001045019,0.0003382813,0.00127802,0.0006459643,0.001711488,0.0006753159,0.000744141,0.0004467623],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000659813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003798152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001306128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001543646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989718,0.0002560254,0.0001222668,0.0001804484,0.0003196264,0.0001497607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9312158,0.03261033,0.03174892,0.001979059,0.00139239,0.001053489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006939656,0.000361667,0.9035673,0.0002098874,0.0002192618,0.000733507,0.0004443543,0.004050204,0.002452133,0.009478852,0.001153039,0.07663584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004280724,0.0005122985,0.9770226,0.0000914818,0.0002579788,0.0009460334,0.000509608,0.004441695,0.003260514,0.009159583,0.00371655,0.00003885274],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893076,0.001265775,0.001057389,0.0008199308,0.00001292601,0.0000195317,0.0006181272,0.0000124109,0.006886343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989471,0.0002698175,0.0001110255,0.00003848728,0.00003159693,0.000002766476,0.0001043526,0.000001288601,0.0004936106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008682432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02904564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009517078541717329,"score_gpt":0.2351558904391938,"score_spread":0.2256388118974765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}