{"id":"W4417413143","doi":"10.1108/dl-12-2005-0005","title":"The Evolution of Distance Education","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Distance Learning","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Space (punctuation); Reflection (computer programming); Higher education; Social distance; Geographical distance; Open education","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002552047,0.000430387,0.0004193216,0.002005554,0.00237872,0.007060943,0.000978132,0.002089338,0.009972934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009295708,0.0002916752,0.0003499905,0.002459101,0.006167764,0.008739401,0.006950085,0.004747125,0.001999067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009165083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004442903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007241373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004983319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957866,0.001137332,0.0002998123,0.000996814,0.001395095,0.0003843782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946643,0.001837467,0.0003394029,0.0004494161,0.001888372,0.0008209893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005441124,0.00006636359,0.001936048,0.0004850449,0.00001188243,0.0001332676,0.006715875,0.0004709139,0.000528993,0.6745396,0.01156152,0.3034961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008573999,0.00007700462,0.002589631,0.0005883634,0.000004853419,0.0003296029,0.002702203,0.0003131061,0.0003712434,0.05516581,0.9378219,0.0000275373],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.07337619,0.0809506,0.03227733,0.05514966,0.004516727,0.0002107728,0.0004723152,0.000189832,0.7528565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7329342,0.07275376,0.02914834,0.01775041,0.003347651,0.0003104017,0.0005454154,0.0003351902,0.1428746],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009972934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06649762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00711706559711702,"score_gpt":0.3043795506390752,"score_spread":0.2972624850419582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}