{"id":"W4417420723","doi":"10.1080/13504851.2025.2604636","title":"Do SEP injunctions alter market shares? Causal evidence from the Nokia–OPPO dispute in Europe","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Economics Letters","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Southampton","keywords":"German; Quarter (Canadian coin); Construct (python library); Event study; Natural experiment; Margin (machine learning); Event (particle physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003144835,0.0001855432,0.0001730823,0.0001325392,0.0001999582,0.000463429,0.0004808487,0.00005295555,0.001043839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008342702,0.0001464249,0.00004984492,0.0003296756,0.00006673513,0.0005101796,0.0003275769,0.000257185,0.001345487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005926589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002005838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001304673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005612089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989542,0.00001560828,0.0003049503,0.0003924632,0.00005319602,0.0002796311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992566,0.0002442565,0.0001017354,0.0003611707,0.0000271466,0.000009053191],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000638959,0.0000911828,0.04872873,0.00009578829,0.0002270493,0.00001068879,0.0004451505,0.007313511,0.002541546,0.01287396,0.9162938,0.01073964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001622027,0.00001025008,0.1526328,0.0004427392,0.0001774723,0.000001090432,0.0002961908,0.03137967,0.000400304,0.004529112,0.8074403,0.001067958],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9229193,0.00006323693,0.0007780453,0.01934665,0.001003531,0.0004359275,0.00001432678,0.00005798987,0.05538104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9248412,0.00006030803,0.00005946716,0.07368009,0.0006519019,0.00006362252,0.00004555729,0.00002489489,0.0005729664],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1088535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0644914074182459,"score_gpt":0.2119425540802836,"score_spread":0.1474511466620377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}