{"id":"W4417437185","doi":"10.1088/1538-3873/ae23fe","title":"Why Estimating <i>η</i> <sub>⊕</sub> is Difficult: A Kepler-Centric Perspective","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Exoplanet; Kepler; Extrapolation; Circumstellar habitable zone; Planet; Spitzer Space Telescope; Perspective (graphical)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02129408,0.001005631,0.00125289,0.004926361,0.0009226807,0.00606801,0.00340114,0.002075964,0.002970986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09344131,0.000609336,0.0007500513,0.00452103,0.003152833,0.01020651,0.003028987,0.003449346,0.003211135],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001420313,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008513661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004777255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.991784,0.003321124,0.000721419,0.001989676,0.00187424,0.0003094364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9330689,0.04060243,0.006821849,0.006235449,0.01223379,0.001037657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003570575,0.00005696409,0.2457179,0.006399767,0.001172535,0.0007166876,0.003700374,0.008389545,0.00593736,0.1158767,0.09079222,0.5208828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003305,0.0001841907,0.1763822,0.009671231,0.0005082022,0.002726216,0.006112041,0.01808399,0.012311,0.3732787,0.4003107,0.0003984871],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09246046,0.3898247,0.3151793,0.1202813,0.004857432,0.0001667638,0.007500318,0.002252983,0.06747674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7082316,0.1145717,0.1349483,0.02210915,0.006489036,0.0002308106,0.005646999,0.001924382,0.005847961],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02129408,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1126152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008817029862680677,"score_gpt":0.2207799945086857,"score_spread":0.211962964646005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}