{"id":"W4417440145","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-67620-9","title":"The Arctic Ocean is a net sink for anthropogenic lead deposited into the Atlantic Ocean","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Nationaal Regieorgaan Praktijkgericht Onderzoek SIA; National Centre for Earth Observation; Natural Environment Research Council; Universität zu Köln; Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Research Councils UK","keywords":"Arctic; North Atlantic Deep Water; Sink (geography); Thermohaline circulation; Lead (geology); The arctic; Abyssal zone; Pelagic zone; Arctic dipole anomaly","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000236707,0.0002733847,0.000297584,0.0003802592,0.0007107303,0.001265308,0.0001539246,0.0002187133,0.001653556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002994633,0.0001742316,0.000263557,0.0006647061,0.0002236011,0.000325215,0.000733321,0.0002500554,0.0006727916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008038254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001349205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04790856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06017081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997677,0.00001920729,0.00001113571,0.00005782492,0.00009917933,0.00004496534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996655,0.00002324769,0.00009198201,0.00002068994,0.0001509873,0.00004755536],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006371999,0.00004502551,0.6587977,0.0003384992,0.0003760618,0.0006195539,0.0004758223,0.001255619,0.2736283,0.001594292,0.004324194,0.05790769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002084286,0.0001603657,0.9315239,0.0001346279,0.0001789505,0.0004708128,0.001314072,0.001873699,0.02906536,0.0009169885,0.03431189,0.00002856734],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9771394,0.002361334,0.001769743,0.0009100065,0.0002426325,0.000006665172,0.001947919,0.0001607189,0.01546155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931826,0.001722724,0.00131989,0.0002229131,0.00005871115,0.000003389996,0.001014875,0.00002951216,0.002445357],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04790856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09525943,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01328928439218794,"score_gpt":0.2977277722084243,"score_spread":0.2844384878162363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}