{"id":"W4417444501","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08550-8","title":"Investigating the apparent anomalous cooling of soot during laser-induced incandescence experiments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Universität Duisburg-Essen; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Incandescence; Sublimation (psychology); Soot; Heat transfer; Pyrometer; Radiation; Particle (ecology); Irradiation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004412581,0.000161707,0.0001893319,0.00003740489,0.0001038511,0.00001060838,0.0003469048,0.0000597165,0.000002487185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005363511,0.0001415474,0.00004025149,0.0004195169,0.00007973578,0.00004955994,0.0002316451,0.0002803098,0.000004470209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000071496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002305328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008751007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.557821e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991705,0.000005630015,0.0002415154,0.0002094689,0.0001467395,0.0002260841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993477,0.00009433155,0.0001017434,0.0003965071,0.00003402496,0.00002564066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006162873,0.00002720896,0.0001610879,0.00006532326,0.00003035681,3.480571e-7,0.000194526,0.08567517,0.8747089,0.0355465,0.000008078619,0.003576336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003136408,0.000004478838,0.0002145323,0.00007898575,0.00001156222,2.826989e-7,0.0004038597,0.02251335,0.9723728,0.003939524,0.00001629718,0.0001306964],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9602621,0.00003187009,0.03714151,0.00002825572,0.00006309392,0.0001923026,0.000002462599,0.000378626,0.001899822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977692,0.000003200341,0.002004739,0.00003279879,0.00003710073,0.00009184679,0.000004185493,0.00001952268,0.00003742126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09766388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5772134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01792475185236491,"score_gpt":0.2567557636697989,"score_spread":0.2388310118174339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}