{"id":"W4417451439","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12354082","title":"Severe Tornadoes and Infant Birth Weight in the United States","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Demography","topic":"Agricultural risk and resilience","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health; University of Wisconsin-Madison","keywords":"Tornado; Population; Birth weight; Singleton; Low birth weight; Live birth; Natural disaster","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001165722,0.00008928213,0.00008437068,0.00003499124,0.000171066,0.00005507029,0.0002050083,0.00004837586,0.00002004504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001214435,0.00001932828,0.00004491565,0.001512124,0.00008939305,0.00005721121,0.00004026131,0.0001039025,0.000001998252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002939152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001889652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001287635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002068587,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993936,0.00007075418,0.0001083133,0.0001597259,0.00009960734,0.000167945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996854,0.0002021019,0.00002560273,0.0000337301,0.00002331551,0.00002984461],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001434198,0.00003788391,0.9757996,0.000006567675,0.000008842469,0.000005047038,0.0002457029,0.00001014176,0.001604998,0.001683279,0.003699481,0.01688413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005907478,0.0000355399,0.8779193,0.00001742017,0.000004005021,0.000003089419,0.001486027,0.00002993203,0.00007869023,0.001226015,0.1190676,0.00007331121],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940957,0.0008697242,7.794835e-7,0.003944428,0.000046317,0.0001326369,0.00001332428,0.00002585339,0.000871249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971818,0.001580672,0.00001609089,0.001001725,0.00003080303,0.00001073573,0.00003151412,1.707785e-7,0.0001465284],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1153682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1946528,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004757206923914943,"score_gpt":0.1959721464139164,"score_spread":0.1912149394900015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}