{"id":"W4417451439","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12354082","title":"Severe Tornadoes and Infant Birth Weight in the United States","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Demography","topic":"Agricultural risk and resilience","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health; University of Wisconsin-Madison","keywords":"Tornado; Population; Birth weight; Singleton; Low birth weight; Live birth; Natural disaster","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004738432,0.000149321,0.0001564265,0.0003715926,0.0002097765,0.0002769307,0.0001850686,0.0001804959,0.001340356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001765314,0.00012982,0.0003110058,0.0004569804,0.0001775299,0.0001626748,0.0005282396,0.0004459845,0.0001122783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004861215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004179129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1105006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1283059,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998053,0.00008157058,0.00001530789,0.00003185461,0.00003049733,0.00003550054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993094,0.0001522376,0.000306601,0.00005291387,0.00005867771,0.000120054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003335347,0.00003699792,0.9959514,0.000008038502,0.00009750367,0.0000335449,0.0001027458,0.0005428942,0.00006995153,0.00009897607,0.0004968942,0.002527745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002835264,0.00002517799,0.9987086,0.00001100628,0.00002627611,0.00002189883,0.0002671811,0.0005217754,0.00004165873,0.00005134169,0.0003198919,0.00000246631],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975716,0.0002676594,0.0002058406,0.0002415676,0.00001236544,0.000005187278,0.001117054,0.000006983974,0.0005717254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987953,0.0002042339,0.00008936728,0.00003082665,0.000004699192,0.000007595559,0.0006702319,0.00000130046,0.0001964198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1105006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2197149,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004757206923914943,"score_gpt":0.1959721464139164,"score_spread":0.1912149394900015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}