{"id":"W4417454095","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2025-113138","title":"Assessing the clinical utility of composite outcomes in studies examining outcomes of implantable neuromodulation therapies for pain: a systematic review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"BMJ Open","topic":"Pain Management and Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Toronto Western Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Neuromodulation; MEDLINE; Systematic review; Clinical trial; Quality of life (healthcare); Neurology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03328816,0.002313332,0.01663266,0.02012353,0.001022518,0.005054888,0.002925667,0.002911537,0.004607643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1442847,0.001477718,0.01620925,0.01854992,0.002030472,0.004639373,0.0028231,0.001843283,0.0003699427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006872722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0164464,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007725706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02220172,"domain_scores_codex":[0.958971,0.01441277,0.01748243,0.002145998,0.006372437,0.000615336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8504471,0.1106709,0.02660535,0.002006187,0.009459153,0.0008113098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001772396,0.000008242646,0.0008078426,0.9733489,0.01512981,0.00003812728,0.0001158089,0.00005603038,0.00005919156,0.00009863958,0.0003684546,0.00979156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004283996,0.0001810028,0.003822882,0.8544044,0.135563,0.0001571487,0.0002052888,0.0001241547,0.000130579,0.0003042658,0.004633705,0.00004520662],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002199748,0.9930398,0.0005040136,0.0003825212,0.0001751296,0.002197061,0.001093767,0.00002195178,0.0003859983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05543396,0.9304644,0.003637007,0.001305447,0.0002120482,0.007802728,0.0008894044,0.00002636516,0.0002285174],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9667118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1760467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.535306302921518,"score_gpt":0.600156605291385,"score_spread":0.064850302369867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}