{"id":"W4417471059","doi":"10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11286619","title":"Performance of 3D Photon-to-Digital Converters","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalsa Corporation; Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"National Nuclear Security Administration; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"CMOS; Photodetector; Trench; Shallow trench isolation; Converters; Detector; Sensitivity (control systems); Integrated circuit; Footprint","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003567928,0.0002336025,0.0003701651,0.000127701,0.00007788558,0.00005635428,0.0003217808,0.00008540163,0.0001673483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003096173,0.0002191271,0.0000964101,0.000523273,0.0003293688,0.0002244775,0.0003795939,0.0001990025,0.0001959705],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000479304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008427443,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001460025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.482342e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998738,0.000005608009,0.0003972375,0.0003424581,0.0001262639,0.0003904486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991407,0.0001046148,0.00008320495,0.0004899486,0.0001173464,0.00006415489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000174595,0.0003331977,0.04770104,0.0001169808,0.0002782967,0.000001307064,0.00009501796,0.0009334979,0.003782979,0.06789314,0.00135459,0.8773354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002868049,0.001582866,0.007332689,0.001540604,0.000227822,0.000001328119,0.002696285,0.237426,0.6792617,0.01558047,0.0497838,0.001698362],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8631331,0.00002409764,0.03647296,0.0006186703,0.0003023051,0.0003229039,0.00002897838,0.0001095395,0.0989874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9826003,0.000007419962,0.01247219,0.0001277767,0.00001808322,0.000005255773,0.000003717266,0.00001173954,0.004753495],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.875637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8935743,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006004235282548219,"score_gpt":0.2322344122147426,"score_spread":0.2262301769321944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}