{"id":"W4417482916","doi":"10.1016/j.ccell.2025.11.011","title":"Circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker in early phase clinical trials","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cancer Cell","topic":"Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network","funders":"Daiichi-Sankyo; AstraZeneca","keywords":"Biomarker; Pharmacodynamics; Clinical trial; Circulating tumor DNA; Circulating tumor cell; Drug development; Pharmacokinetics; Drug; Cancer","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00900208,0.0008843488,0.001993237,0.00155532,0.0004424468,0.003289716,0.0009248736,0.001855244,0.003123358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01994232,0.0004695645,0.0004360657,0.00150193,0.0006768623,0.00196859,0.0005315405,0.002120602,0.001017792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001196557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001411671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003269609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006193323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947956,0.003267893,0.0002726731,0.0004535149,0.0008811781,0.0003290575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9844951,0.009704563,0.00260675,0.0005571759,0.001326966,0.001309452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.05403278,0.001993157,0.2219324,0.0024118,0.0008659972,0.001010073,0.0005411293,0.004815371,0.04664417,0.005515985,0.01881944,0.6414177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01717797,0.1233313,0.4013729,0.002808302,0.003321151,0.008807441,0.0008879341,0.05625372,0.1578116,0.0323437,0.1954634,0.0004206457],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7460077,0.173265,0.03210477,0.01171653,0.003336758,0.001877525,0.004564831,0.001268062,0.02585882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9640671,0.00725795,0.01608261,0.003424159,0.001005498,0.001006859,0.002029009,0.0001144598,0.005012391],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00900208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04760808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06499732941913285,"score_gpt":0.4312490205169814,"score_spread":0.3662516910978486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}