{"id":"W4417482916","doi":"10.1016/j.ccell.2025.11.011","title":"Circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker in early phase clinical trials","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cancer Cell","topic":"Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network","funders":"Daiichi-Sankyo; AstraZeneca","keywords":"Biomarker; Pharmacodynamics; Clinical trial; Circulating tumor DNA; Circulating tumor cell; Drug development; Pharmacokinetics; Drug; Cancer","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009403863,0.0001296775,0.0003075933,0.00003812713,0.00003465409,0.00003332855,0.000149621,0.0001268164,0.0001034373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006731568,0.0001306938,0.0001735734,0.0001157097,0.00005053485,0.000002443712,0.00009448174,0.00009065834,0.000009860343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005706956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004866243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006135536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003606058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985886,0.000155927,0.000594652,0.0003787948,0.00006133635,0.0002206665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992691,0.0001583143,0.0001516201,0.0002910632,0.00005075475,0.00007913139],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008082853,0.0004867337,0.02284117,0.00008071066,0.0001344194,0.0000649009,0.0000880366,0.00006585549,0.8880528,0.0002061038,0.02170238,0.06546859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02074479,0.0008355881,0.03091312,0.0002503838,0.0002418836,0.000008027034,0.0002553735,0.001327005,0.4793481,0.001086249,0.4640369,0.0009525938],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979955,0.006571191,0.0002928736,0.000147087,0.0008143546,0.0002863823,0.00005444458,0.000006768218,0.01187185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961049,0.001234353,0.0000984203,0.001434011,0.0002677782,0.00007314506,0.00003258315,0.00001600677,0.0007387881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4423345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5329537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06499732941913285,"score_gpt":0.4312490205169814,"score_spread":0.3662516910978486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}