{"id":"W4417485214","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2025.108193","title":"Geographic location and clinical trial knowledge, invitation, and participation among adults in the United States","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Contemporary Clinical Trials","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"American Society of Hematology; National Cancer Institute; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","keywords":"Clinical trial; Residence; Location; Diversity (politics); MEDLINE; Young adult","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["metaresearch"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.1215736,0.0002003357,0.00128102,0.000433498,0.0001319628,0.0001103597,0.0002349175,0.0008570591,0.00001176534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.4063341,0.0001335509,0.0002688401,0.001258238,0.001495273,0.0001638096,0.0001532988,0.002207948,0.000008555778],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000200892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008238313,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000313409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006448668,"domain_scores_codex":[0.97935,0.01331847,0.005665973,0.0008190196,0.0005511741,0.0002953381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.4566594,0.5374913,0.001583739,0.001469128,0.002152302,0.0006441349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0485361,0.002034462,0.917564,0.0003541494,0.000245216,0.00001568561,0.0004872,0.000001473911,0.000001084104,0.005197851,0.004440584,0.02112215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.08761063,0.002700563,0.8692404,0.001243929,0.0002032691,5.516099e-7,0.0007464112,0.002487085,0.000003905961,0.032081,0.003541081,0.0001411455],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9730361,0.001797261,0.0002921585,0.01938503,0.0007345256,0.003759319,0.000008479445,0.00004482259,0.0009423087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864656,0.008219549,0.0001015399,0.004022389,0.0004983838,0.0002102107,0.000160855,0.00001501135,0.0003064844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5241728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9592558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.7439384927138893,"score_gpt":0.6767116272376877,"score_spread":0.0672268654762016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}