{"id":"W4417490953","doi":"10.1093/idpl/ipaf033","title":"Should data protection authorities enforce the <i>AI Act</i> ? Lessons from EU-wide enforcement data","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Data Privacy Law","topic":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Novelis (Canada)","funders":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki","keywords":"Data Protection Act 1998; Enforcement; Privacy protection; Data breach; General Data Protection Regulation; Information privacy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","open_science"],"consensus_categories":["open_science"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003044684,0.0001705292,0.0001726767,0.00005599593,0.00139381,0.001559806,0.0134194,0.0001874709,0.0006646895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005693765,0.0001425157,0.00004150871,0.0002024364,0.0006105567,0.004788092,0.009124812,0.0006654456,0.00005031924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001737368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007472163,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.138004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06437163,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971339,0.0002641958,0.0003956021,0.0007332625,0.001135396,0.0003376588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946834,0.000896582,0.0001747332,0.003854923,0.0002936867,0.00009661895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002380075,0.00004853395,0.0001074217,0.000006009567,0.0002187503,0.000002303512,0.00185386,0.000005835426,0.00003103648,0.8091324,0.1821836,0.006386411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002025766,0.000007296135,0.0001773004,0.00007602254,0.00005807634,2.460049e-7,0.001345372,0.002738996,0.00004560072,0.07171834,0.9234861,0.0001441043],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002654012,0.000233822,0.01107439,0.6437153,0.003601992,0.0007834589,0.01764907,0.0001681791,0.3225084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9454094,0.0008533751,0.0007868099,0.02285889,0.001520812,0.00002688572,0.02145459,0.00002025458,0.00706902],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9451439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3661124188584114,"score_gpt":0.4984564593224364,"score_spread":0.132344040464025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}