{"id":"W4417497864","doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103427","title":"Changes and contributions to the gender pay gap in surgery in Canada: a repeated cross-sectional analysis from 1996 to 2020","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMJ Open","topic":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto; Queen's University","funders":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University","keywords":"Payment; Referral; Gender pay gap; Gender gap; Health economics; Health services research","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001735515,0.0003502434,0.0004960858,0.001925034,0.001656947,0.001137055,0.001635302,0.0006871262,0.001455425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004144492,0.0004102937,0.0008349741,0.004671785,0.0006675498,0.0005199101,0.001056078,0.0009615375,0.0002873909],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02084517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02283043,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9856766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9861562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980977,0.0001345017,0.0001209337,0.0002993746,0.0007198217,0.0006277438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959823,0.0001993833,0.001174045,0.0001530093,0.00183102,0.0006602675],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004797092,0.00001262732,0.9967174,0.00002311009,0.00005124748,0.00002918949,0.000345418,0.00006265215,0.00005206926,0.00003886249,0.0005682485,0.002051147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001340608,0.000008324729,0.9992482,0.00001153814,0.000007627465,0.00001570175,0.0002908451,0.00008552834,0.00001748612,0.000004961066,0.0003051858,0.000003187658],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866216,0.001258974,0.0001352768,0.0004738136,0.00002374232,0.00003600926,0.01013643,0.00001631376,0.001297755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948461,0.000424812,0.0001481601,0.0001124342,0.000008393776,0.00002693927,0.003671041,0.000005731099,0.0007562685],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9791548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.151243,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1024125158875692,"score_gpt":0.4116250223048178,"score_spread":0.3092125064172487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}