{"id":"W4417504049","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.127264","title":"Application of transparent and semi-transparent photovoltaics in building windows: a review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaics; Photovoltaic system; Cadmium telluride photovoltaics; Solar energy; Organic solar cell; Solar cell; Crystalline silicon; Amorphous silicon","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002042848,0.0001911739,0.0004933234,0.0001456608,0.00003864236,0.000009909813,0.0001866125,0.0001043235,0.00002409022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004266176,0.0001879507,0.00008391851,0.0005682039,0.00004329352,0.00003631178,0.0000312614,0.0001039144,0.00000212175],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005185472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003094412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002564694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001483388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986391,0.00003476254,0.0005621769,0.0003788578,0.0001666043,0.0002184636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993621,0.0000609793,0.0001104768,0.0003854147,0.00002689075,0.0000541716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008468331,0.0003310345,0.0007925545,0.002267753,0.000140345,0.000002743721,0.0002673037,0.01306182,0.4486195,0.3993784,0.0001806177,0.1348732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001812534,0.00004331135,0.001824226,0.001906597,0.0003037736,0.000002175102,0.0001124717,0.006736933,0.5926792,0.01069708,0.3832917,0.0005899869],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2618576,0.133662,0.3867133,0.0008357252,0.0004238616,0.00354141,0.0000692489,0.0004534764,0.2124434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876924,0.01087891,0.0003408015,0.0005032707,0.00001669793,0.0003947354,0.00006382421,0.00001824503,0.00009108124],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7258348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7664407,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01377220975480943,"score_gpt":0.2555631960814797,"score_spread":0.2417909863266703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}