{"id":"W4417508598","doi":"10.1109/jlt.2025.3646065","title":"Characterisation of a Low-Noise Tuneable Silicon Single-Photon Avalanche Diode","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"National Physical Laboratory","keywords":"Metric (unit); Biasing; Detector; Diode; Voltage; Quantum key distribution; Avalanche diode; Flexibility (engineering); Single-photon avalanche diode","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038863,0.0002251,0.000273482,0.0003143456,0.0002018875,0.0004778193,0.0007231609,0.0005682606,0.0008271852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008496334,0.0001330706,0.0001888394,0.0003133012,0.0003446351,0.0003096611,0.0001816031,0.0002418474,0.0002667193],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006691913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002752715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005916505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008215765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995957,0.0000296275,0.00001950434,0.0001220592,0.0002046834,0.0000283276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994764,0.0001976249,0.00009459214,0.0000591248,0.0001402686,0.00003206758],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001012208,0.00003877377,0.002505792,0.00008981685,0.00001673731,0.0002325206,0.0001046767,0.001694712,0.990038,0.0002753275,0.0001899382,0.004712433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000175921,0.0007727568,0.01220529,0.00001524545,0.00002602712,0.00064869,0.0001130843,0.0252787,0.9575205,0.0001399728,0.00323696,0.00002513613],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862564,0.0006478367,0.01112819,0.0001068472,0.00004191449,0.00004975732,0.000430416,0.0001641076,0.00117436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949422,0.0001599059,0.003631679,0.00002914499,0.000004495558,0.00002388394,0.0001318862,0.00001926526,0.001057413],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008271852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004855394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007262924180081829,"score_gpt":0.2430860117823605,"score_spread":0.2358230876022787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}