{"id":"W4417519836","doi":"10.5539/hes.v16n1p71","title":"The Impact of Collaborative and Reflective Learning Approaches on Critical Thinking and Literary Appreciation in Higher Education","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Reflective Practices in Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Higher education; Metacognition; Cognition; Reflective writing; Teaching method; Reflective thinking; Reflective practice","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003381682,0.0002915902,0.0002465867,0.0006962828,0.0005565422,0.001340177,0.0004377573,0.0003604153,0.00107138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01474723,0.0001232448,0.0003474917,0.0003541111,0.0007728297,0.001094234,0.001421588,0.0005228096,0.000154447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004073589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001012641,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003196506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007106832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954286,0.002355727,0.0001963184,0.0002829439,0.001456274,0.0002801782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9861444,0.009205008,0.00143376,0.0008305359,0.0009619429,0.001424299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005043288,0.005230177,0.03557014,0.0004159608,0.00009082295,0.0001591702,0.01243343,0.0005372406,0.01555078,0.001130613,0.0004486363,0.9279288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007051662,0.04280902,0.8109447,0.00146211,0.0009196864,0.002711765,0.04225279,0.008468041,0.05313844,0.01154844,0.0248036,0.0002361576],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887137,0.0005302844,0.003687833,0.0002271495,0.00002595622,0.0001270742,0.000003257899,0.00003146279,0.006653253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991202,0.000306492,0.007527115,0.00004685983,0.00001748336,0.0000609254,0.000005885513,0.000004208545,0.0008290716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003381682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01788425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.104522956569275,"score_gpt":0.4946840471573133,"score_spread":0.3901610905880383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}