{"id":"W45241696","doi":"","title":"Measuring the Heavens: Astronomical Instruments before the Telescope","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Astronomy; Telescope; Physics; Astrophysics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004972513,0.000217584,0.0003366141,0.00001092355,0.0005238546,0.00004405403,0.00100458,0.00003979055,0.000191298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006276244,0.0001132029,0.0005604869,0.00007883652,0.0003101567,0.00008568948,0.0001977814,0.0006384971,0.000002171015],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000533503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001259728,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0245596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004769387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981069,0.000112296,0.0007608982,0.0001456978,0.000463904,0.0004103025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998709,0.00007500349,0.0007245039,0.000305102,0.00008072396,0.0001056681],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008981544,0.0002076733,0.6836021,0.00001379693,0.0008463049,2.038552e-7,0.000375707,0.1101747,0.00006379041,0.001114607,0.1750827,0.0284286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001782815,0.0001007213,0.6350369,0.000127392,0.0001731021,0.000002158086,0.002113019,0.00164113,0.003260621,0.0006662933,0.3547647,0.0003311129],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942648,0.0000459431,0.001202856,0.002423585,0.0007373962,0.000167524,0.0000248639,0.000002647913,0.001130327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994625,5.049352e-8,0.003353185,0.0000708277,0.0009518599,0.000005229133,0.000002262808,0.00001671835,0.0009748969],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.179682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9819359,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005262529568645417,"score_gpt":0.169641614698161,"score_spread":0.1643790851295156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}