{"id":"W48175147","doi":"","title":"Assessment of Thinking Levels in Students' Answers","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academic exchange quarterly","topic":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Psychology; Set (abstract data type); Higher-order thinking; Mathematics education; Construct (python library); Pedagogy; Teaching method; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00203966,0.0003800764,0.0003356914,0.00190145,0.0003117239,0.0009985238,0.0004258284,0.0003926662,0.009337197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01757329,0.0001356778,0.0003088141,0.0008487607,0.0003328301,0.0004961232,0.001236635,0.0007858205,0.002132575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003401316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005064452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002582486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005266472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973148,0.0006851178,0.0004508053,0.0002364177,0.001193733,0.0001190864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9838359,0.00540763,0.002136659,0.0005699361,0.007016809,0.001033099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001466476,0.001445093,0.509244,0.0006077822,0.0001582559,0.0003247651,0.02474482,0.000772094,0.02144063,0.001146679,0.009866521,0.4287829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000165016,0.002777004,0.9224244,0.0003060412,0.0001207087,0.000807917,0.01293549,0.005091502,0.0317268,0.002681908,0.02080542,0.0001577834],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830595,0.0001070753,0.003861258,0.0002327926,0.0000547085,0.0003579487,0.000655226,0.0001489709,0.01152243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.979412,0.0001181376,0.01044065,0.00007655702,0.00001858825,0.0009219612,0.0007022518,0.00002691362,0.008282997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009337197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03123599,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07763424570977516,"score_gpt":0.4663400536234029,"score_spread":0.3887058079136277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}