{"id":"W50097143","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.257322","title":"Givings, Takings, and the Fallacy of Forward-looking Costs","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Finance, Markets, and Regulation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Fallacy; Law and economics; Economics; Neoclassical economics; Philosophy; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002758119,0.0001110254,0.000293164,0.000143341,0.0002074137,0.00005781077,0.000190518,0.00006808116,0.00003608445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001629347,0.0000881147,0.0001168707,0.0001726036,0.0001358682,0.0002033616,0.00003461656,0.0004915209,0.000009273637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003062966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001220615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002084681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004054483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984308,0.00002892639,0.0004771505,0.0001683157,0.00005182437,0.0008429097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991314,0.00009366302,0.0005600235,0.0001465095,0.0000369349,0.00003150787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009930175,0.00002006721,0.05466848,0.000006668797,0.00007851621,7.93256e-7,0.000210565,0.00002572636,0.00000921995,0.9167774,0.00007098,0.02803231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003074709,0.0001413347,0.06184856,0.00005028307,0.00002157638,0.0004441878,0.0004131871,0.002175318,0.0000137089,0.8760873,0.05548997,0.0002398401],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9313515,0.03359551,0.01146638,0.002089022,0.0003878845,0.0002296287,0.00000399129,0.00001592809,0.02086019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9717532,0.0262448,0.00005757558,0.0000662107,0.0001786767,0.000004405802,0.00000114119,0.00001615159,0.00167783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05541899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3593213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006755986402027689,"score_gpt":0.1885866991736455,"score_spread":0.1818307127716178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}