{"id":"W53369608","doi":"","title":"A distributed content independent method for spam detection","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Conference on Workshop on Hot Topics in Understanding Botnets","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"","keywords":"Botnet; Spamming; Spambot; Computer science; Forum spam; Denial-of-service attack; Computer security; Identification (biology); Peer-to-peer; Computer network; World Wide Web; The Internet","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001374205,0.0002440282,0.0002605951,0.0003532839,0.0002474236,0.0003239,0.000512722,0.0002643211,0.00001056352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002816358,0.0002411273,0.0001007341,0.0005219406,0.00004125602,0.0002200602,0.00007517364,0.0004861671,0.000006445753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00103238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006230851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000340931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007780446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979608,0.00009550677,0.000391564,0.0006330612,0.0004003917,0.0005186642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984665,0.0006516739,0.0001616981,0.0004918944,0.00008978057,0.0001384702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005351444,0.0002033434,0.0004344441,0.00002778578,0.00003546768,0.00003558399,0.001003082,0.0010079,0.001838513,0.8885307,0.0001718425,0.1061761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006679954,0.002373949,0.0179373,0.001186225,0.0000447653,0.000052609,0.003457509,0.434182,0.04150502,0.4846804,0.006020727,0.00187951],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00680929,0.00001879072,0.9873333,0.001364105,0.001766652,0.0005013598,0.000004853642,0.000169489,0.002032144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906858,0.00002246991,0.008534402,0.0003579618,0.0001629137,0.00003285661,0.000007950347,0.0000148673,0.000180791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9838765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9832887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2262174843224862,"score_gpt":0.3516476524258675,"score_spread":0.1254301681033813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}