{"id":"W56465581","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-43826-8_15","title":"Early DDoS Detection Based on Data Mining Techniques","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Denial-of-service attack; Computer science; Application layer DDoS attack; Computer security; Trinoo; The Internet; Data mining; Network administrator; Computer network; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00173877,0.000487096,0.0004169741,0.00105552,0.0004008764,0.0007008559,0.004878709,0.0004527326,0.00001481434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002064525,0.0004616021,0.00009108799,0.0006989317,0.0003871912,0.0007884693,0.00169887,0.0009516223,0.00004629775],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002371945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002237849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003647408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007834409,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957547,0.0000860466,0.0004856874,0.001978613,0.001150112,0.0005448618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954652,0.0006853953,0.0003231969,0.003153073,0.0002264888,0.0001466401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001245549,0.00001481045,0.000002397204,0.00001264874,0.000003275493,0.00001952609,0.0001099433,0.003708361,0.0001293156,0.001572485,0.00002833786,0.9943864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001534549,0.0006879343,0.00002093851,0.0005052029,0.000007199313,0.00003409239,4.552757e-8,0.956122,0.007702453,0.01271442,0.02147656,0.0005757369],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004110212,0.00007310131,0.992827,0.000536164,0.002070954,0.0003541877,0.000004315633,0.0004600972,0.003633091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2202137,0.00003106778,0.772641,0.00536031,0.001533954,0.00001501436,0.00001231376,0.00005260712,0.000140059],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9938107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02266914965405874,"score_gpt":0.2464891091567531,"score_spread":0.2238199595026943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}