{"id":"W566647690","doi":"10.1057/s41267-017-0100-1","title":"Patent protection and the composition of multinational activity: Evidence from US multinational firms","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Business Studies","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Multinational corporation; Incentive; Business; License; Industrial organization; Technology transfer; International business; Intellectual property; International trade; Internalization; Commerce; Economics; Market economy; Law; Finance; Management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006693851,0.0001228872,0.0002512814,0.000165256,0.0004888707,0.000287143,0.0003577167,0.0000372937,0.00005690009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003649087,0.00007314242,0.00008777308,0.00007587927,0.0003372876,0.001970309,0.0002770076,0.0001520265,0.000009020038],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005141633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002314267,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008403843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004415261,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998793,0.00002845027,0.0003965541,0.000121835,0.0005781229,0.00008201927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945401,0.0003416251,0.001441474,0.0001028598,0.003567661,0.000006278246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.04096123,0.002493783,0.6463987,0.001955168,0.008857078,0.0001392946,0.006582971,0.009835798,0.09297427,0.01831505,0.006713237,0.1647734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003128205,0.00002530623,0.9670922,0.001222048,0.0001287193,0.00002312847,0.0001863091,0.02211978,0.001343534,0.003222621,0.001358852,0.0001493083],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804693,0.0005268535,0.001785517,0.01505626,0.001562554,0.0001913267,0.000007422148,0.000006403932,0.0003942922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978374,0.000436918,0.0002265895,0.0002367285,0.001166414,0.00001180626,0.000003793968,0.000007446869,0.00007295715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3206935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4368561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2178899667330791,"score_gpt":0.2988593421646731,"score_spread":0.08096937543159399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}