{"id":"W615782765","doi":"","title":"Duverger's law of plurality voting : the logic of party competition in Canada, India, the United Kingdom and the United States","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Springer eBooks","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Duverger's law; Political science; Voting; Kingdom; Law; Instant-runoff voting; Multi-party system; Competition law; Group voting ticket; Split-ticket voting; Law and economics; Economics; Politics; Democracy; Monopoly; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001564031,0.0001358295,0.0003029706,0.00005712097,0.0003259812,0.00003481769,0.0002506408,0.000111942,0.00002059357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001231976,0.00007051664,0.00005535782,0.0001298703,0.001010112,0.00002124868,0.00004446646,0.0003419226,5.526446e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002839196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006309731,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9887049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9802634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978141,0.0008879395,0.0004717184,0.0001362374,0.0004019573,0.0002881081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980659,0.001141859,0.0004002787,0.0001902037,0.0001493953,0.00005238383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000187137,0.000004764805,0.002498441,0.00003996649,0.00002252774,9.7123e-7,0.003391423,0.00007265956,0.000003527162,0.9937182,0.0001521856,0.00007663176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002291855,0.000172015,0.1209996,0.001932451,0.000410041,0.000001891752,0.005368194,0.001631513,0.0003176364,0.3512384,0.5146356,0.001000807],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.810518,0.0001570795,0.00001067513,0.00323277,0.0002324479,0.001362302,0.00005611235,0.00002454316,0.184406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941949,0.00000613312,0.000002140868,0.0006521197,0.00009953346,0.00001373156,0.00002507559,0.000007654282,0.004998752],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6424798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3721798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04553970440905819,"score_gpt":0.2912409824148325,"score_spread":0.2457012780057743,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}