{"id":"W620339797","doi":"10.7202/1035490ar","title":"How Gene Patents May Inhibit Scientific Research","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BioéthiqueOnline","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Secrecy; Gene; Limit (mathematics); Computational biology; Biology; Genetics; Business; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001654539,0.0001951585,0.0001728291,0.0005556292,0.0005513181,0.0009580735,0.0004843129,0.0001546331,0.0006779393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008830228,0.0001133201,0.00008752332,0.000911133,0.0003660565,0.001093131,0.0004118277,0.000230276,0.00455477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005881492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004429822,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001622818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009096954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978428,0.00005055155,0.0002413126,0.0005453136,0.0006696325,0.0006504267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984243,0.00007728121,0.00009199265,0.0004525473,0.0009219503,0.00003193568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004572233,0.0007065685,0.01440259,0.0002922522,0.00007951834,0.0001205705,0.0001239125,9.97502e-7,0.6221815,0.01755296,0.2088439,0.1352381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008752842,0.00004272121,0.001540171,0.0002129323,0.00001430085,0.000004695218,0.00007109546,0.0003254447,0.04943343,0.004859518,0.942241,0.0003794116],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9558027,0.0002567048,0.0006009888,0.03053388,0.001823631,0.0005797645,0.00002989889,0.0002871607,0.01008531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9503037,0.00002775378,0.0002016844,0.00104137,0.001863892,0.0000215245,0.00006192509,0.00003866928,0.04643948],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7333971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3585572508711167,"score_gpt":0.3026496835400385,"score_spread":0.05590756733107827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}