{"id":"W634286449","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2534713","title":"Educational Attainment of Second-Generation Immigrants: A U.S.-Canada Comparison","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Educational attainment; Demographic economics; Political science; Psychology; Economics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006490237,0.0004019944,0.0004676482,0.002843195,0.003695129,0.001723365,0.001157931,0.0008883562,0.004909685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002096267,0.000161609,0.0006680997,0.00618321,0.0007855592,0.0006291239,0.001659652,0.0008111298,0.0005525956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02220901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03457114,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9951644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9977782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998983,0.00005579841,0.00004385125,0.0001197835,0.0002185077,0.0005790335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973797,0.00008982517,0.0002526311,0.00004418599,0.001320359,0.0009133386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005061717,0.0002029135,0.9705216,0.00007236665,0.0001300997,0.0003078571,0.004231979,0.0002806835,0.0003107772,0.001574661,0.005787496,0.01607332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001886402,0.00004750821,0.9911775,0.00004164748,0.00003992036,0.00005579345,0.005983884,0.0001647795,0.00006051461,0.00006658246,0.002326324,0.00001672982],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9859474,0.001216138,0.00005662417,0.0008187228,0.00002746512,0.00003111802,0.003769393,0.00001000672,0.008123185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933019,0.0007250654,0.00005346893,0.000177653,0.000008497776,0.00001018068,0.002478321,0.000007005616,0.00323795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02220901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1611385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01266762716624639,"score_gpt":0.2904869608121035,"score_spread":0.2778193336458571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}