{"id":"W63994888","doi":"10.1017/s007418090022617x","title":"Galaxy Evolution in the Optical and Submillimeter","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Symposium - International Astronomical Union","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Galaxy; Astrophysics; Sky; Physics; Astronomy; Flux (metallurgy); Limiting; Limiting magnitude; Focus (optics); Galaxy formation and evolution; Optics; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003461705,0.0001591341,0.0001243088,0.0001319881,0.00009702695,0.0001029648,0.0002860281,0.00004298209,0.0002841174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007022586,0.0001310479,0.00006740172,0.000118196,0.00010565,0.0004393416,0.00008111836,0.0002037766,0.00008823292],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001986245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003224712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002023387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001678389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988317,0.00009400599,0.000340048,0.0002455981,0.0002250669,0.0002635433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999537,0.00007664053,0.00008752864,0.0001690993,0.00006140386,0.00006835868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000260323,0.00008879924,0.9403144,0.000001179541,0.0000221022,2.00784e-8,0.0001863221,0.0001598307,0.0004096028,0.05843198,0.0001160434,0.0002437161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005702307,0.00004154551,0.9890836,0.000009693505,0.000009897894,0.00000549487,0.0002973715,0.00501398,0.00005719329,0.00388572,0.0008954497,0.0001298217],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872603,0.000009775041,0.005181191,0.002621605,0.0002913785,0.0001895582,0.00001236042,0.00001953666,0.004414246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984662,0.00000299159,0.0005697475,0.000008380867,0.0005066119,0.00004214113,0.0001462495,0.00001202007,0.000245638],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05454626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5343977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00580002845080342,"score_gpt":0.2089028556787059,"score_spread":0.2031028272279025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}