{"id":"W651037503","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511615962","title":"Lexicalization and Language Change","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":357,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Lexicalization; Grammaticalization; Variety (cybernetics); Linguistics; Language change; Lexicon; Process (computing); History of English; Historical linguistics; Computer science; History; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006853565,0.0002238728,0.0002477895,0.0001483172,0.0002357322,0.0001183605,0.0001699429,0.0001782081,0.00003339631],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002720219,0.0002639174,0.00006823787,0.000002887631,0.0002156466,0.00009766984,0.0001390903,0.0001927936,0.00002000288],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001594452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005631861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008855856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001551775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991685,0.00004008694,0.0001354563,0.0003036508,0.0001744987,0.0001778494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999315,0.00005173853,0.0001746616,0.0002415913,0.0001372788,0.00007969981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001463818,0.000008712978,0.000001318772,0.0001033996,0.00005080963,0.00004480937,0.01020747,1.330004e-7,0.000001653419,0.9696877,0.01821331,0.001666067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003224564,0.00002480301,0.00001379146,0.0001337471,0.0002226254,0.000003284534,0.000811835,0.0002273675,0.00001885615,0.00009168367,0.9978203,0.0003092933],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002025285,0.0001912898,0.0001259641,0.0002540467,0.0005620886,0.0003467796,0.0003041662,0.0001561772,0.997857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004491452,0.00004855175,0.00003656304,0.0001556294,0.003367058,0.000001186173,0.0002794195,0.00003818433,0.991582],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9796069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999813,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03705961208885007,"score_gpt":0.2108218917504905,"score_spread":0.1737622796616404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}