{"id":"W653542324","doi":"10.1257/app.20160510","title":"Why Has Urban Inequality Increased?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Journal Applied Economics","topic":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":145,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Complementarity (molecular biology); Wage inequality; Inequality; Economies of agglomeration; Context (archaeology); Wage; Capital (architecture); Labour economics; Microeconomics; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001433544,0.0005364747,0.001536153,0.0006312022,0.0007246151,0.0007475993,0.001011653,0.0001507807,0.002440969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004416864,0.0006532445,0.0005752291,0.0002167566,0.001280037,0.0005624585,0.0002170001,0.0004840302,0.005696997],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001119673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002047811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005522592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00155443,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956777,0.00003656524,0.002294836,0.001046483,0.00003484175,0.0009095836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995738,0.0001309557,0.002594285,0.0008544315,0.00005657835,0.0006257541],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002980093,0.0002256772,0.07384931,0.00001169871,0.001231785,0.000005914212,0.0008848627,0.001910363,0.00003091591,0.8493313,0.06282497,0.009395232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001517292,0.000380256,0.01379785,0.000007919801,0.00005194698,0.0001107656,0.000483916,0.009607507,0.0001647852,0.1673829,0.8050711,0.001423774],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9209444,0.0002212239,0.005699944,0.006874775,0.001116773,0.0002461191,0.00027772,0.00007830537,0.06454073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844592,0.000773404,0.00233851,0.009034498,0.002982738,0.00003311414,0.00004105322,0.0001110373,0.0002264842],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7422462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02802002293602031,"score_gpt":0.2141558799861073,"score_spread":0.186135857050087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}