{"id":"W6884521103","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202554111/pdf","title":"A search for Maunder-minimum candidate stars","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; W. M. Keck Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Macquarie University; Australian Astronomical Optics-Macquarie; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Johns Hopkins University; Ohio State University; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; University of Minnesota; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Stars; Metallicity; Spectral line; Flux (metallurgy); Stellar classification; Radiative transfer","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003360714,0.0001869664,0.0002809413,0.001142279,0.0003672314,0.0005165824,0.0002385956,0.0002303883,0.001854007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006999293,0.00008577714,0.0001792707,0.0005508686,0.0001798106,0.0002475605,0.0004554431,0.0001525349,0.0005512473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001255962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001132925,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004118395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001242521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998572,0.00002321107,0.00001241812,0.00005316063,0.00003262378,0.0000214224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993838,0.00007634705,0.0002599464,0.00004667446,0.00008930608,0.0001438904],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009759636,0.00002335932,0.9700177,0.000052741,0.0000411868,0.0002138721,0.000153599,0.00009047336,0.01577325,0.0001445068,0.000243724,0.01314798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000470366,0.0001063902,0.9958701,0.00001034537,0.0000214756,0.0004853022,0.0002259789,0.0003541493,0.001408196,0.00008476886,0.001426099,0.000002460006],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976811,0.0003432678,0.0005289586,0.00003300593,0.000005005761,0.00001106634,0.0001769401,0.00002378988,0.001196784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976992,0.0000894034,0.0009801355,0.00002570581,0.00001097663,0.000006710289,0.0007949318,0.000007455176,0.0003855167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001854007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006202281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01458915371697764,"score_gpt":0.2568552295608423,"score_spread":0.2422660758438647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}