{"id":"W6888684316","doi":"10.21953/lse.00004475","title":"Liberals and protectionism: Britain's international trade policy between the wars (1902-1939)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","topic":"Political and Economic history of UK and US","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Protectionism; Free trade; Leverage (statistics); Hegemony; Incentive; Commercial policy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001297995,0.0001865184,0.0002291352,0.001014292,0.0046587,0.00708275,0.000376695,0.002922427,0.004429543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002068221,0.0003095911,0.0001648679,0.002789275,0.01088491,0.002543199,0.002463616,0.003805156,0.0005596048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02251529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005916022,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1405873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1891432,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988559,0.0003151667,0.00003270254,0.0001217584,0.0002248598,0.000449514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996274,0.0001340793,0.00006212037,0.00003488887,0.00005162548,0.00008992908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002974616,0.00007593217,0.007965285,0.0001973022,0.00003135873,0.0009068982,0.1416885,0.001043389,0.001682076,0.7884171,0.0199872,0.03770755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007169399,0.0001060424,0.08354955,0.0004821537,0.00002122434,0.000200129,0.03736368,0.0003537349,0.0009218944,0.05626138,0.8206192,0.00004922585],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.5952162,0.01235339,0.00106984,0.03683523,0.0004138097,0.00003537897,0.0003229106,0.00003316518,0.3537201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9729823,0.001487398,0.0001699167,0.001781241,0.00005540672,0.00001245421,0.0000722941,0.00001712519,0.02342184],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1405873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2795379,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02646041192025694,"score_gpt":0.3170723038159663,"score_spread":0.2906118918957094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}