{"id":"W6903365519","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3590630","title":"Stability Assessment of Multi-Rate Electromagnetic Transient Simulations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Health Sciences; University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Transient (computer programming); Stability (learning theory); Control theory (sociology); Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Representation (politics); Numerical stability; Transient analysis; Electromagnetic simulation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012714,0.0001874845,0.0002391076,0.0001624082,0.0001792383,0.00002351455,0.0001404736,0.00004364364,0.001075006],"category_scores_gemma":[8.163937e-7,0.0001864616,0.0001669544,0.0003778229,0.00007249924,0.00008892843,0.000001159382,0.0002552645,0.000008556567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007455819,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001928056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001232191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001670864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987921,0.0001063252,0.0003569435,0.0003083316,0.0001435788,0.0002927143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992336,0.0001639391,0.00006302576,0.0003558158,0.0001182875,0.00006532353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002649977,0.00859568,0.002888441,0.000121205,0.001186607,0.000002387539,0.001997537,0.08830129,0.8706349,0.006109428,0.0004830392,0.01941452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00906451,0.003652448,0.0575538,0.0002769062,0.001116821,0.0000013464,0.001035237,0.1815791,0.7378005,0.00424048,0.002094964,0.001583915],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5800403,0.00002352325,0.4144686,0.0000998461,0.0002217038,0.0002052561,0.00009126051,0.00003593886,0.004813617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978176,0.000004288302,0.001251077,0.00006298455,0.000009050546,0.00003679611,0.000008138681,0.00001319289,0.0007968221],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4177774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998382,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0110064433680122,"score_gpt":0.2588487312382395,"score_spread":0.2478422878702273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}