{"id":"W6921781302","doi":"10.1016/s2214-109x%2823%2900007-4","title":"Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Corvinus Research Archive (Corvinus University of Budapest)","topic":"Education Methods and Technologies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University; Division of Human Resource Development; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University; Care and Public Health Research Institute, Universiteit Maastricht; National Health and Medical Research Council; Samsung; Uniwersytet Opolski; Farhangian University; George Institute for Global Health; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Universitas Syiah Kuala; Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin; Alborz University of Medical Sciences; Gonabad University of Medical Sciences; Qazvin University of Medical Sciences; Masarykova Univerzita; Istituto Auxologico Italiano; University of Reading; Mekelle University; University of Peradeniya; Dire Dawa University; Tarbiat Modares University; University of Gondar; Universitatea din București; Urmia University; Zagazig University; Universitas Indonesia; Xiamen University; Universidad de Chile; Akademiska Sjukhuset; Jimma University; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education; Flinders University; Universiteit Utrecht; Nankai University; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Haramaya University; Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali; Western Sydney University; Tartu Ülikool; George Mason University; Uppsala Universitet; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; University of Crete; Universiti Malaya; King Abdulaziz University; Madda Walabu University; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; University of the Western Cape; Rajshahi University; Fundación Valle del Lili; Universitat de València; Helsingin Yliopisto; Delhi Technological University; Directorate for Biological Sciences; Menofia University; Bushehr University of Medical Sciences; Islamic Azad University; Gachon University; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental; Universidad ICESI; University of New South Wales; Public Health England; Universiteit Maastricht; Ain Shams University; Wuhan University; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen; Amity University; University of Leeds; National Research University Higher School of Economics; Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Saveetha Dental College; Korea University; Kasturba Medical College, Manipal; Ewha Womans University; Krishna Institute Of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be University; Central University of Kerala; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Tribhuvan University; Monash University; South Eastern Sydney Local Health District; Yazd University; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Università degli Studi di Milano; University of South Carolina; Bournemouth University; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Vanderbilt University; London School of Economics and Political Science; Case Western Reserve University; Rice University; Jazan University; Public Health Wales; Tulane University; Bundesministerium für Gesundheit; Nanyang Technological University; Universidade da Beira Interior; University of Georgia; Johns Hopkins University; Jahrom University of Medical Sciences; London South Bank University; Debre Tabor University; University Of Nigeria Nsukka; Università di Bologna; Jackson State University; Ahmadu Bello University; Jordan University of Science and Technology; McMaster University; Rajarata University of Sri Lanka; Yale University; Kyung Hee University; Universidad de Concepción; Universidad de Antioquia; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Preparedness; Pandemic; Government (linguistics); Global health; Investment (military); Public health; Health spending; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Health care","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003009183,0.0001202633,0.0002413858,0.0006990384,0.0007799175,0.00004297424,0.0008780397,0.0001435305,0.0001253142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002746841,0.0001407034,0.00005110069,0.002357615,0.002520608,0.0002096305,0.0007782708,0.0002996904,0.00007268955],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007332641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001989226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03960765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05099623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966909,0.001375505,0.0001727963,0.0004719234,0.0006041123,0.000684751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977451,0.00122317,0.00008797179,0.0003343238,0.0001687954,0.0004406664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002832589,0.0002238626,0.7295668,0.0002014638,0.00005837362,0.0003872129,0.08887719,0.0001602448,0.0004569635,0.1187719,0.02212452,0.03888815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001416569,0.0001894125,0.3898596,0.0001068507,0.00001439298,0.000006485123,0.235542,0.0005512945,0.0000172813,0.2483679,0.1235712,0.0003570031],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9600549,0.000124452,0.0005604009,0.002044989,0.00009835551,0.0005567212,0.00008903257,0.000296835,0.03617428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924163,0.003386784,0.001946385,0.00006556135,0.00002756651,0.000004777207,0.00002481868,0.000009127722,0.002118708],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3397073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9667877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2336406965314979,"score_gpt":0.47028958045576,"score_spread":0.2366488839242621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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