{"id":"W6921850360","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201732509/pdf","title":"The disc origin of the Milky Way bulge","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","topic":"Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; University of Colorado Boulder; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Grand Équipement National De Calcul Intensif; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; University of Oxford; York University; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Ohio State University; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik","keywords":"Bulge; Milky Way; Metallicity; Longitude; Stellar population; Population; Galaxy; Disc galaxy; Disc","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001313011,0.0002770826,0.0003530002,0.0001971679,0.0004057374,0.0009801987,0.0005879962,0.0006373795,0.001587852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004819349,0.0002146025,0.0004026245,0.0001423815,0.0006085496,0.0005554662,0.000810743,0.0003590072,0.0003075911],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009632568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000400609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01495326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004577311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999511,0.00001092437,0.000001823165,0.00001209609,0.000008123044,0.00001592039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999193,0.00001329296,0.00001575167,0.00001258565,0.00001150137,0.00002761654],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008158297,0.0001749438,0.2108916,0.000258868,0.0003149281,0.001893393,0.001221191,0.7050524,0.0426927,0.02005195,0.0026295,0.0140026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004712523,0.0006664899,0.2052448,0.00007911904,0.000153953,0.0006145086,0.0009100984,0.7676808,0.006425374,0.009772683,0.007873313,0.0001075881],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934886,0.0002313967,0.001726836,0.0001379585,0.00001893551,0.00001280272,0.0001046892,0.0000885557,0.004190166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987978,0.00008166429,0.0003775614,0.0000443182,0.000004882077,0.000008988302,0.00007351507,0.0000211906,0.0005901103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01495326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02973247,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02661990060282649,"score_gpt":0.2179465129085628,"score_spread":0.1913266123057363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}