{"id":"W6927724443","doi":"10.34989/swp-2023-57","title":"Immigration and Provision of Public Goods: Evidence at the Local Level in the U.S.","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Econstor (Econstor)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Per capita; Population; Revenue; Per capita income; Public sector; Tax revenue","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008111004,0.0001498733,0.0002322356,0.001372884,0.000462953,0.0007591202,0.0002923378,0.0002782704,0.002779793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003808326,0.0001489218,0.0003728393,0.002765615,0.0005319304,0.0004034411,0.001278569,0.0005489086,0.0004886714],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001088316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001276216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1857619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3156569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99951,0.000170792,0.00004109451,0.00007727761,0.00006889468,0.0001318733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944186,0.001132911,0.002840366,0.0002436603,0.0006203307,0.0007441648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000941723,0.00007855344,0.9873787,0.00009410003,0.00009459697,0.000129172,0.0005647374,0.0005024095,0.00005332128,0.0004347551,0.002946339,0.007629135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001178024,0.00004496157,0.9960572,0.0000882822,0.00005703016,0.00002712079,0.001430292,0.0002470998,0.00004290341,0.00007695919,0.001911645,0.000004712083],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934554,0.001358703,0.00006252368,0.0007636818,0.00001587176,0.000006326494,0.00173157,0.000008681493,0.002597236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962894,0.001036573,0.00006114153,0.0001314801,0.00001777042,0.000007283486,0.001657818,0.000002602124,0.000795933],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1857619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3693613,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06103245650277253,"score_gpt":0.3014696209495129,"score_spread":0.2404371644467404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}