{"id":"W6990751030","doi":"","title":"EFL Learnersâ Perceptions of Grammatical Difficulty in Relation to Second Language Proficiency, Performanc, and Knowledge","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Grammar; Perception; Task (project management); Language proficiency; Perspective (graphical); Metalinguistics; Relation (database); Second language","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008067141,0.0002442745,0.0002391205,0.001026458,0.0003900076,0.001407379,0.0001975998,0.0003762761,0.002067359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004478709,0.0001588146,0.0002197167,0.0003898808,0.0007716686,0.0007330728,0.0006530903,0.000542932,0.0002410606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003582621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003223517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004089233,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004533662,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995433,0.00009061996,0.00005018881,0.00006035975,0.0001593158,0.00009629873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954844,0.001359013,0.001686536,0.0001114268,0.0006729911,0.0006856716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005156499,0.0001562474,0.9608698,0.00003679856,0.00002403102,0.0007137152,0.02834589,0.0001002789,0.002521097,0.0001250473,0.000111475,0.006943968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006680481,0.0003296061,0.9496577,0.00002636123,0.00001710066,0.0006993969,0.04734303,0.0003756126,0.0005629906,0.0002030724,0.0007528407,0.00002554916],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995195,0.00003054738,0.00002713851,0.00002050715,7.345272e-7,0.00000162107,0.000006754948,7.747832e-7,0.0003925461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994904,0.00004191115,0.00003361899,0.00001495525,0.000001700975,0.000003454124,0.00001933491,7.858596e-7,0.0003938653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004089233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008130848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006318534487672139,"score_gpt":0.1776709975954642,"score_spread":0.1713524631077921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}