{"id":"W6991454038","doi":"","title":"Graph Neural Network for Early DDoS Detection: Evaluating the Impact of Progressive Node Reduction in Flow Graphs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","topic":"Archaeology and Rock Art Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Denial-of-service attack; Flow network; Network packet; Graph; Dynamic network analysis; Flooding (psychology); Network monitoring; Application layer DDoS attack","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001253904,0.0001487749,0.0002617726,0.0005896514,0.002753579,0.00001005567,0.0005735736,0.000217532,0.00001135167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002555559,0.000113685,0.0001353913,0.002387157,0.001969548,0.00046335,0.0006311238,0.0003014699,6.596421e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008110939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002872005,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001504781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009567222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984472,0.0001444742,0.000481423,0.0003398361,0.0002153075,0.0003717252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981651,0.000128875,0.0004029807,0.0004716248,0.0007979451,0.00003347433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001564994,0.001067688,0.2870464,0.0002510196,0.001292943,0.00000519701,0.02037053,0.05200888,0.001541843,0.3940271,0.01316499,0.2276584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01420242,0.005519156,0.366112,0.002325456,0.001561173,0.00004403752,0.02647994,0.1644485,0.01459137,0.2841097,0.1176101,0.002996143],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9713676,0.001336508,0.00646686,0.01664376,0.0009086531,0.001857728,0.0001285296,0.0002069787,0.001083357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899714,0.00009403564,0.009041125,0.00004743606,0.00008440873,0.0005572163,0.00009003792,0.000006249315,0.000108086],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2246623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03500389765581775,"score_gpt":0.3744197230737084,"score_spread":0.3394158254178906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}