{"id":"W6995440898","doi":"","title":"What are cognates?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","topic":"Linguistics and language evolution","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Popularity; Hittite language; Homeland; Proposition; Natural language; Interpretation (philosophy)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008379867,0.00006247802,0.0001138141,0.0001127951,0.0002380452,0.00005025511,0.0001284096,0.00002791375,0.000670056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002404952,0.00007205766,0.0000735758,0.00007048518,0.0001581674,0.0002245667,0.0000611658,0.00005508097,0.0004756585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001732922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001687799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001267397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001104828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995437,0.00001496578,0.00005654427,0.0001143159,0.0001308665,0.000139554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996049,0.00003262418,0.00007773786,0.0001250903,0.0001175901,0.00004206445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004975316,0.0000709976,0.001121268,0.0001154533,0.0001204305,0.0002246315,0.05637724,0.00001696508,0.0001648206,0.6786847,0.2585438,0.00450995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000631758,0.00005861645,0.01362112,0.0001273252,0.00006838598,0.00000171965,0.1836203,0.001300483,0.00005455584,0.000613694,0.7996552,0.0002468617],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9119296,0.000374974,0.00006330478,0.001341977,0.002108295,0.0001191453,0.0001110947,0.0002330026,0.08371861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9203035,0.0001443545,0.00001723775,0.00006428717,0.0002359049,7.439871e-8,0.00004253786,0.000006943698,0.07918515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.678071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7336644,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02194049648595715,"score_gpt":0.198780809275102,"score_spread":0.1768403127891448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}