{"id":"W7006456744","doi":"","title":"Torrefaction and Steam Explosion of Selected Biomass for Biofuel Production","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"University Library (University of Saskatchewan)","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BioFuelNet Canada","keywords":"Torrefaction; Steam explosion; Pellets; Sawdust; Pellet; Biomass (ecology); Straw; Raw material","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001497891,0.0003153259,0.0003352878,0.0001646096,0.00009559287,0.0001741578,0.0001423181,0.0001199602,0.0008028073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001794835,0.0001025233,0.0003562443,0.0002925645,0.000116665,0.0001624388,0.0001349479,0.0001955238,0.0001139771],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001705066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002146195,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001148306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003958061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999898,0.00001803972,0.000007945257,0.00001837466,0.00003939004,0.00001827456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999526,0.00001265046,0.00001690607,0.000003852908,0.000008414121,0.000005570126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001691927,0.00003140625,0.001033991,0.0001038033,0.00002104225,0.00006652174,0.00001891108,0.0003820967,0.9919996,0.00004650347,0.00001535023,0.006111645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008424336,0.0005435704,0.01888924,0.000004359087,0.00001970175,0.00007941486,0.00004115826,0.001530297,0.9783067,0.00002577001,0.0005462272,0.000005091509],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972644,0.0004054916,0.001885448,0.00001114566,0.000007567661,0.00001503269,0.0000741968,0.00001084368,0.0003258267],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958659,0.0006601139,0.002542181,0.00001049914,0.000003968652,0.00001383471,0.000267447,0.000005788259,0.000630303],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001148306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002685666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005185565897241669,"score_gpt":0.1610769630750613,"score_spread":0.1558913971778196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}