{"id":"W7028900954","doi":"","title":"Hard to Tax Individuals: Indirect Evidence on Their Importance in Canada, 1951-2001","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"Issue Lab (Candid)","topic":"Paleopathology and ancient diseases","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Set (abstract data type); Tax basis; Tax credit; Compliance (psychology); Indirect tax","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001164795,0.0003471321,0.0004652751,0.003316389,0.003741826,0.001864835,0.001630245,0.0007378827,0.005887936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007607381,0.0003220463,0.0005610189,0.00884687,0.001693261,0.0007396307,0.001713092,0.001675568,0.0003539587],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03162363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03505177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9976264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9988616,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998754,0.00007899331,0.00006526841,0.0001359829,0.0005112158,0.0004544429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9907885,0.001124181,0.00273993,0.0004107461,0.003542042,0.001394607],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007868716,0.00004870547,0.9711733,0.0001044051,0.0001172666,0.00009973462,0.003026031,0.0003982354,0.0000608902,0.001490571,0.007129599,0.01627238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006316482,0.000009501878,0.9928437,0.00005378762,0.00004240586,0.00003431388,0.002574663,0.0001949686,0.00008762164,0.0001269598,0.004014273,0.00001142561],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9518949,0.003810552,0.0003324588,0.004301678,0.00005591206,0.00008855778,0.02251654,0.00002895914,0.01697031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981554,0.002990607,0.000255918,0.0003011792,0.00002509912,0.00002294659,0.004594334,0.000009626106,0.0102463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03162363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2294466,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09916851448642951,"score_gpt":0.2895055579415673,"score_spread":0.1903370434551379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}