{"id":"W7029938635","doi":"","title":"Lights Out in the Bakken: A Review and Analysis of Flaring Regulation and Its Potential Effects on North Dakota Shale Oil Production","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University)","topic":"Oil, Gas, and Environmental Issues","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Oil shale; Hydraulic fracturing; Directional drilling; Drilling; Fossil fuel; Petroleum; Natural gas; Shale oil; Unconventional oil","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008676942,0.0001187012,0.0002511826,0.0003884788,0.0003726773,0.0000372371,0.0002578047,0.00005546697,0.000008753775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008193768,0.00008269613,0.00005968101,0.0006409393,0.000177332,0.0001924742,0.0001399188,0.0002525734,0.0000102153],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006469855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001146317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003788819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001219784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977419,0.001157996,0.0001373568,0.0003305686,0.0004227897,0.0002093813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991549,0.0002324171,0.00008325958,0.0004228604,0.00004743553,0.00005911329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004317364,0.003013918,0.303373,0.0168884,0.007222022,0.001331341,0.05838155,0.03300904,0.3870988,0.03994045,0.001296409,0.1441276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006750601,0.0004633012,0.9703333,0.0006023928,0.00139878,0.00002031054,0.0006374098,0.00225395,0.01544152,0.00007943275,0.007804487,0.0002901006],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902292,0.0009563005,0.000002368409,0.0005861066,0.00005347269,0.0001829681,0.000001160365,0.00001394716,0.007974458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922224,0.002802259,0.00000639531,0.00001848744,0.0001027493,0.00000273362,0.00001034136,0.000008917154,0.004825674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6669602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.337225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01960126132447498,"score_gpt":0.2487020771712739,"score_spread":0.2291008158467989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}