{"id":"W7037087458","doi":"","title":"The Determinants of pricing in pharmaceuticals : are U.S. prices really higher than those of Canada?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","topic":"Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nationality; Quality (philosophy); Product (mathematics); Market power; Power (physics); Developing country","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00086493,0.0001691251,0.000288147,0.00185454,0.0005862114,0.001992845,0.0003211676,0.0004369827,0.003222656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005835038,0.0001143549,0.0005518419,0.006184699,0.0005567603,0.000656152,0.0004530585,0.0005964831,0.0004195531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004141557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005844824,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8310825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8632533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992617,0.00007640276,0.00004879142,0.00008976067,0.0003263131,0.0001969826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993196,0.0014211,0.003247484,0.0002137907,0.001379227,0.0005425011],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007948435,0.00003139049,0.9720321,0.00006060631,0.0001519006,0.0001543668,0.0002558456,0.0009715246,0.0001400228,0.001543159,0.008282135,0.01629741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004854121,0.00001759839,0.9918481,0.00003308394,0.00005159954,0.00005036104,0.0005252565,0.0006606259,0.0002669885,0.0001660146,0.006361787,0.00001367184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9385865,0.008006842,0.000439329,0.005139994,0.0000797553,0.00003071819,0.02339087,0.0000556112,0.02427038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867672,0.002105555,0.0002462418,0.0002400488,0.00003623258,0.000005662191,0.009065902,0.00001524559,0.001517914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1689175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3398245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08101695971142622,"score_gpt":0.3681528543997346,"score_spread":0.2871358946883084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}