{"id":"W7043528855","doi":"","title":"“There’s a Moment When All Old Things Become New Again”: The Canadian Oil and Gas Royalty – A Modern Rent Charge","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","topic":"Property Rights and Legal Doctrine","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fossil fuel; Flexibility (engineering); Investment (military); Real property; Value (mathematics); Production (economics); Petroleum industry; Energy law; Peak oil","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00111643,0.0002007824,0.0002275465,0.00007516734,0.001421976,0.0005651342,0.0005567757,0.0001335966,0.001328901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007413425,0.0001244825,0.00008737856,0.0002439343,0.0002076964,0.0003753254,0.0001140852,0.0003868355,0.0007521799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003610187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006116945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9284064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9549693,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977753,0.0001739784,0.0002393998,0.0004029188,0.0005599107,0.0008484874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984611,0.00005602199,0.00007298104,0.0003696044,0.00005855675,0.0009817668],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003927667,0.0000654362,0.001088454,0.00004407658,0.0001673697,0.0001332435,0.07919054,0.00002151888,0.0001564788,0.6627135,0.2082218,0.0481583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003267471,0.00003142773,0.0003943497,0.00003996843,0.00001794752,0.000001385631,0.0002381115,0.0004425138,0.00001847724,0.02318002,0.9750921,0.0002169235],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.1926276,0.002660278,0.00001208592,0.4444176,0.001100379,0.000675334,0.00006740942,0.0005682377,0.3578711],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4834148,0.001129392,0.00009410793,0.01394566,0.000896314,0.00006895124,0.00002455924,0.00004157967,0.5003847],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7668703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03273996349982775,"score_gpt":0.266235786290494,"score_spread":0.2334958227906663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}