{"id":"W7054644156","doi":"","title":"Academic misconduct and plagiarism numbers have risen sharply during the pandemic","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Laser Design and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Misconduct; Pandemic; Academic dishonesty; Higher education; Discipline","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["research_integrity"],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["research_integrity"],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009819523,0.0003043032,0.0002973258,0.00003912564,0.00007312633,0.00004468825,0.0003177798,0.0005043015,0.05747434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003023848,0.000256568,0.00008151178,0.000008513552,0.0001138134,3.243209e-7,0.00006936814,0.000800035,0.003087522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003808976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001379691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009769131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002959946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989053,0.00003003789,0.0004346078,0.0001678869,0.0002237798,0.0002383675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993146,0.00008270803,0.0001875446,0.0002683905,0.00002297119,0.0001237726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009682827,0.000003029427,0.000009278804,0.0004137822,0.00006950882,0.000003658962,0.0002655096,0.0004670447,0.000015375,0.00001217412,0.9983724,0.0003585172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003238467,0.00001135284,0.00002920873,0.0001129848,0.00005584985,0.00006375689,0.0001385323,0.0002575997,0.000043007,0.00001247335,0.9986722,0.0002792111],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003183764,0.0008332419,0.000001523313,0.0002692676,0.0001066666,0.0004678828,0.0001926994,0.0004303169,0.99738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004986322,0.001790369,0.0002165093,0.0001884494,0.0002055005,0.00003840088,0.00008712155,0.0001498546,0.9923375],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05438682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007936422312845502,"score_gpt":0.1845413328353007,"score_spread":0.1766049105224552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}