{"id":"W7066938470","doi":"","title":"Leaking money. The finance costs of privatised water and regulation in England and Wales: Scottish public ownership shows potential savings","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich)","topic":"Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shareholder; Revenue; Debt; Sewerage; Dividend; Creditor; Capital expenditure; Quarter (Canadian coin); Welsh","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001005931,0.0002755493,0.0001661523,0.0008134666,0.0008907312,0.002685581,0.0002948832,0.0006452128,0.03881221],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003043365,0.0001795429,0.0004895978,0.001266545,0.0005051175,0.002156445,0.001651201,0.0008639898,0.003427173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003635665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003608153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1347337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1825307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993672,0.00006556209,0.00002849416,0.00004076433,0.0003025267,0.0001955037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998431,0.0002337828,0.0003074363,0.00007959645,0.0005354779,0.0004126019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007947829,0.000164105,0.08636236,0.001524001,0.0001095301,0.00159285,0.005360264,0.0009569218,0.001765231,0.02913629,0.4095169,0.4627167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007130006,0.0003847964,0.4968152,0.0006657537,0.0001066039,0.0009030108,0.008734691,0.0008102399,0.001050502,0.00263272,0.4877389,0.00008618467],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5874499,0.01762806,0.0009339643,0.06657906,0.001224477,0.0001177984,0.01820651,0.0004023736,0.3074579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8102064,0.006122647,0.0005210738,0.002776385,0.0002268921,0.0000412559,0.004381835,0.00008906134,0.1756344],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1347337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.267899,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01526466069599691,"score_gpt":0.179428500058055,"score_spread":0.1641638393620581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}